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Diamond is a crystallized mineral essentially composed of carbon. Their hardness and high dispersion of light make diamonds useful for industrial applications and jewelry. Diamonds make excellent abrasives, because they can be scratched only by other diamonds, or man-made materials, which also means that they hold a polish extremely well and retain their lustre.

Diamonds are commonly judged by the “four Cs”: Cut, Color, Clarity and Carat weight. Their rarity, durability and beauty made them popular among medieval royalty. Diamonds are unique gift of Nature which makes your life more beautiful and charming. Today, diamonds continue to hold a deep fascination as the world’s ultimate symbol of wealth.

It is important to distinguish between the hardness of diamonds and toughness. Whereas hardness is defined as diamond's resistance to scratching, toughness is a material's ability to resist breakage from forceful impact. Diamond has excellent hardness but is not as tough as engineering materials, and it can be broken when being hit with a hammer. The hardness of diamond is rated 10 (hardest) on Mohs scale of mineral hardness.

Modern diamond mining as we know it today began in South Africa in the late 19th century. The top seven diamond-producing countries, accounting for 80 percent of the world’s rough diamond supply, are Botswana, Russia, South Africa, Angola, Namibia, Australia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.